西南民族大学学报(自然科学版)

为探究航空港冬季低空大气颗粒物所含重金属及其健康风险，在西南某航空港的商住混合区、交通物流稠密区和文教区分别设置代表性监测点采集大气样品.测定空气中总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）含量以及TSP中所含Mn、Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu和Cr浓度，分析来源，并运用健康风险评估模型进行评价.结果表明，8:00～10:00和17:00～19:00，交通物流稠密区和商住混合区的TSP浓度较高；交通物流稠密区和商住区的TSP 24 h浓度均值分别超过国家二级环境空气质量标准限值0.53倍和0.16倍，并呈现交通物流稠密区>商住混合区>文教区的空间分布特点. TSP中的六种重金属主要来自地面扬尘、汽车尾气及燃油燃煤.人群若冬季全时段持续暴露在TSP下，来自扬尘的Mn对商住混合区儿童存在非致癌风险；Cr、Cd、Pb三类致癌重金属对当地人群的风险在可接受范围内，来自燃油燃煤的Cr对地处机场附近文教区内的成年男性风险值最高.为降低TSP重金属的健康风险，应进一步改变能源利用方式，缩减排放，抑制地面扬尘，减少冬季不利气象条件下的人群暴露.

To investigate heavy metals in low-altitude atmospheric particulate matter and their health risks at an airport in winter, representative monitoring points were set up in the commercial-residential mixed zone, transportation and logistics zone, and educational zone of an airport in Southwest China to collect atmospheric samples. The total suspended particulate(TSP) content and the concentrations of M, Zn, Cu, and Cr in TSP were measured, and their sources were analyzed. A health risk assessment model was then used to evaluate health risks. The results showed that the TSP concentrations were relatively high during 8:00～10:00 and 17:00～19:00 in the transportation and logistics zone and the commercial-residential mixed zone. The 24-hour average concentrations of TSP in transportation and logistics zone and commercial-residential zone exceeded the Class II National Ambient Standard limits by 0.53 times and 0.16 times, respectively, with the spatial distribution characteristic of transportation and logistics zone > commercial-residential mixed zone > education zone. Six heavy metals in TSP mainly originated from ground dust, vehicle exhaust, and fuel(oil and coal) combustion. If the population was continuously exposed to the atmospheric environment in winter, Mn in the atmospheric particulate matter of the transportation and logistics area posed a non-carcinogenic risk to children. The risks of three carcinogenic heavy metals(Cr, Cd, and Pb) to the local population were within the acceptable range; however, Cr derived from fuel combustion showed the highest risk value to male adults in the educational zone near the airport. To reduce the health risks of heavy metals in TSP, it was necessary to further change the energy utilization mode to reduce emissions, suppress ground dust, and minimize population exposure under adverse meteorological conditions in winter.